Vaginal discharge is a natural bodily fluid that plays an important role in keeping the vagina healthy. It is produced by glands in the vagina, cervix, and uterus, and helps reduce the risk of infection by flushing out dead cells and bacteria. This discharge, referred to as leukorrhea, often appears clear or whitish, and functions as part of the body’s self-cleaning system. Having vaginal discharge is completely normal most of the time. However, its’ amount, colour, and consistency and change depend on age, hormone levels, and the stage of the menstrual cycle.
Types of Vaginal Discharge Throughout Your Cycle
- White: White discharge is normal and occurs anytime during the cycle.
- Clear and watery: Usually occurs during ovulation.
- Brown or bloody: This can happen during or right after your menstrual cycle. Spotting may also occur, where there is a small amount of bloody discharge between periods.
When should you see a doctor?
If you notice anything unusual with your discharge, it’s a good idea to check in with your doctor. Being aware of specific changes helps you take care of your reproductive health. Here are some signs that may indicate abnormal discharge.
- Yellow or green
- Bad or fishy-smelling odour
- Causes itching and swelling
- Causes pelvic pain or pain when you pee
These symptoms often suggest bacterial infections. A common vaginal bacterial infection is bacterial vaginosis (BV). It often causes an increase in discharge that may be grey and watery, accompanied by a strong, unpleasant, or fishy odour. Antibiotic pills or cream are usually involved during treatment.
Another common infection is yeast infection, which usually leads to a thick, white discharge that resembles cottage cheese and is generally odourless. Generally, antifungal pessaries are used for treatment.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis can also lead to abnormal discharge. The discharge may be yellow, green or have a strong odour.
Finally, not all abnormal discharge is caused by infections. Hormonal changes from pregnancy and contraceptives, as well as irritants like soaps or feminine products, and foreign objects such as forgotten tampons can also lead to unusual discharge.
Preventive measures
Here are some simple practices to avoid infections or unusual discharge:
- Keep your vagina clean by gently washing the skin around your vagina using warm water and mild, non-perfumed soap. Avoid putting soap directly into your vagina.
- Avoid douching and using feminine products or sprays in your vagina area.
- Wipe from front to the back to avoid bacteria entering your vagina and causing infection.
- Wear loose-fitting clothing to promote airflow and comfort.
- Practise safe sex by wearing condoms to prevent infections.
